Bleeding hepatocellular adenoma: historical series and outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: hepatocellular adenoma - AHC - is a rare benign neoplasm of the liver more prevalent in women at reproductive age and its main complication is hemorrhage. In the literature, case series addressing this complication are limited. METHODS: between 2010 and 2022, 12 cases of bleeding AHC were attended in a high-complexity university hospital in southern Brazil, whose medical records were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: all patients were female, with a mean age of 32 years and a BMI of 33kg/m2. The use of oral contraceptives was identified in half of the sample and also half of the patients had a single lesion. The mean diameter of the largest lesion was 9.60cm and the largest lesion was responsible for bleeding in all cases. The presence of hemoperitoneum was documented in 33% of the patients and their age was significantly higher than the patients who did not have hemoperitoneum - 38 vs 30 years, respectively. Surgical resection of the bleeding lesion was performed in 50% of the patients and the median number of days between bleeding and resection was 27 days. In only one case, embolization was used. The relation between ingrowth of the lesions and the time, in months, was not obtained in this study. CONCLUSION: it is concluded that the bleeding AHC of the present series shows epidemiological agreement with the literature and may suggest that older patients trend to have hemoperitoneum more frequently, a fact that should be investigated in further studies.

Bleeding hepatocellular adenoma: historical series and outcomes / Adenoma hepatocelular sangrante: série histórica e desfechos

ABSTRACT Introduction: hepatocellular adenoma - AHC - is a rare benign neoplasm of the liver more prevalent in women at reproductive age and its main complication is hemorrhage. In the literature, case series addressing this complication are limited. Methods: between 2010 and 2022, 12 cases of bleeding AHC were attended in a high-complexity university hospital in southern Brazil, whose medical records were retrospectively evaluated. Results: all patients were female, with a mean age of 32 years and a BMI of 33kg/m2. The use of oral contraceptives was identified in half of the sample and also half of the patients had a single lesion. The mean diameter of the largest lesion was 9.60cm and the largest lesion was responsible for bleeding in all cases. The presence of hemoperitoneum was documented in 33% of the patients and their age was significantly higher than the patients who did not have hemoperitoneum - 38 vs 30 years, respectively. Surgical resection of the bleeding lesion was performed in 50% of the patients and the median number of days between bleeding and resection was 27 days. In only one case, embolization was used. The relation between ingrowth of the lesions and the time, in months, was not obtained in this study. Conclusion: it is concluded that the bleeding AHC of the present series shows epidemiological agreement with the literature and may suggest that older patients trend to have hemoperitoneum more frequently, a fact that should be investigated in further studies.

RESUMO Introdução: o Adenoma Hepatocelular - AHC - é uma neoplasia benigna rara do fígado associada a mulheres com idade reprodutiva. Sua principal complicação é o sangramento,mas as séries de casos direcionadas a esta intercorrência são limitadas. Métodos: entre os anos de 2010 e 2022 foram registrados 12 casos de AHC sangrante em um hospital universitário de alta complexidade no sul do Brasil, cujos prontuários foram retrospectivamente avaliados. Resultados: todos os pacientes eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 32 anos e de IMC de 33kg/m2. O uso de anticoncepcionais foi identificado em metade da amostra e também metade das pacientes apresentava lesão única. O diâmetro médio da maior lesão foi de 9,60cm e a maior lesão foi responsável pelo sangramento em todos os casos. Hemoperitôneo foi documentado em 33% das pacientes e a idade destas foi significativamente maior do que as pacientes que não apresentaram hemoperitôneo - 38 vs 30 anos, respectivamente. A ressecção cirúrgica da lesão sangrante foi realizada em 50% das pacientes e a mediana de dias entre o sangramento e a ressecção foi de 27 dias. Em apenas um caso foi lançado mão da embolização da lesão. Não se demonstrou correlação entre a taxa de redução das lesões e o passar dos meses, nos casos em que foi adotado tratamento conservador. Conclusão: conclui-se que aos AHC sangrantes da presente série apresentam concordância epidemiológica com a literatura e pode sugerir que as pacientes com maior idade tendem a apresentar hemoperitôneo mais frequentemente, fato que deve ser investigado em maiores estudos.

BYPASS VS. SLEEVE AND ITS EFFECTS IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: WHAT IS THE BEST TECHNIQUE?

BACKGROUND: Strongly associated with obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It presents as simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and its complications. Among the therapeutic alternatives is bariatric surgery. AIM: To compare the effect of the two most frequent bariatric procedures (sleeve and bypass) on liver disease regarding to epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters. METHODS: The results of intraoperative and 12 months after surgery liver biopsies were used. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) was used to assess and compare the stages of liver disease. RESULTS: Sixteen (66.7%) patients underwent Bypass procedure and eight (33.3%) Sleeve. It was observed that the variation in the NAFLD activity score was significantly greater in the Bypass group than in Sleeve (p=0.028) and there was a trend regarding the variation in fibrosis (p=0.054). CONCLUSION: Both surgical techniques were effective in improving the hepatic histology of most operated patients. When comparing sleeve and bypass groups, bypass showed better results, according to the NAS score.

Bypass vs. sleeve and its effects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: what is the best technique? / Bypass vs. sleeve e seus resultados na doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica: qual a melhor técnica?

ABSTRACT Background: Strongly associated with obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It presents as simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and its complications. Among the therapeutic alternatives is bariatric surgery. Aim: To compare the effect of the two most frequent bariatric procedures (sleeve and bypass) on liver disease regarding to epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: The results of intraoperative and 12 months after surgery liver biopsies were used. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) was used to assess and compare the stages of liver disease. Results: Sixteen (66.7%) patients underwent Bypass procedure and eight (33.3%) Sleeve. It was observed that the variation in the NAFLD activity score was significantly greater in the Bypass group than in Sleeve (p=0.028) and there was a trend regarding the variation in fibrosis (p=0.054). Conclusion: Both surgical techniques were effective in improving the hepatic histology of most operated patients. When comparing sleeve and bypass groups, bypass showed better results, according to the NAS score.

RESUMO Racional: Fortemente associada à obesidade, a doença hepática gordura não alcoólica é considerada a manifestação hepática da síndrome metabólica. Ela apresenta-se como esteatose simples e esteato-hepatite, podendo evoluir para cirrose e suas complicações. Entre as alternativas terapêuticas está a cirurgia bariátrica. Objetivo: Comparar o efeito sobre a doença hepática dos dois procedimentos bariátricos mais frequentes - sleeve e bypass - e comparar dados epidemiológicos, demográficos, parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Métodos: Utilizou-se o resultado das biópsias hepáticas realizadas no intra-operatório e 12 meses após a operação. O NAFLD activity score foi utilizado para avaliar e comparar os estágios da doença hepática. Resultados: Dezesseis (66,7%) pacientes foram submetidos ao bypass e oito (33,3%) ao sleeve. Observou-se melhora significativa no IMC e glicemia nas duas técnicas cirúrgicas enquanto que os níveis de fosfatase alcalina, ferritina, Gama-GT e TGP reduziram com significância apenas no grupo bypass. A redução no NAFLD activity score foi significativamente maior no grupo bypass que no sleeve (p=0,040). Conclusão: Ambas as técnicas foram eficazes em promover a melhora da histologia hepática da maior parte dos pacientes operados. Quando comparadas o bypass apresentou melhores resultados.

Treatment strategies for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Liver cancer ranks fifth in incidence and fourth in overall cancer-related mortality, with approximately 854,000 new cases and 810,000 deaths per year worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 90% of these cases, and, over time, both the incidence and mortality of this cancer have been rising in many regions. Several staging systems are used to assess the extent of primary tumor, presence of metastasis, and underlying liver disease, and thereby aid in the definition of treatment strategies and prognosis for these patients. The consequence of this heterogeneity in HCC staging is that no consensual definition of advanced disease exists, and there is still ongoing debate on the optimal treatment for these patients. Patients with advanced tumors can be candidates for multiple therapies, ranging from potentially curative options such as transplantation and resection-to locoregional and systemic treatments; these should be evaluated on an individual basis by a multidisciplinary team. This paper provides an overview of treatment options for advanced stage HCC, based on a review of the latest relevant literature and the personal experience of the authors.

EARLY DRAIN FLUID AMYLASE IS USEFUL TO PREDICT PANCREATIC FISTULA AFTER PANCREATODUODENECTOMY: LESSONS LEARNED FROM A SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN CENTER.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic fistula represents the most feared complication after pancreatoduodenectomies, being the major responsible for the high morbidity and mortality after this operation. Its incidence remains around 10% to 30%. In recent years, several authors have studied the value of amylase in abdominal drains fluid, measured at an early stage after the surgical procedure, as a useful tool to identify patients at risk of developing pancreatic fistula. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the value of early drain fluid amylase as a method to predict the occurrence and severity of postoperative pancreatic fistula in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomies. METHODS: We evaluated 102 prospective patients submitted to pancreatoduodenectomies from January 2013 to June 2017. The mensuration of amylase in abdominal drains was performed on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 in all patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to postoperative day 1 (POD1) results: values <270 U/L (group 1); between 271 and 5.000 U/L (group 2); and values >5.000 U/L (group 3). RESULTS: The incidence of pancreatic fistula was 25.5%, being 3.33%, 27.3% and 41.02% in the three groups, respectively. Compared with group 1, the risk of developing pancreatic fistula increased with increasing amylase values on POD1. Amylase values on POD1 and POD3 of patients with pancreatic fistula were higher than in the other ones without this complication (P<0.001). In addition, in group 3, 37.5% of patients with pancreatic fistula evolved to death (P<0.001). Finally, in this group, patients who died had drain fluid amylase values on POD1 significantly higher than the others in the same group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Early drain fluid amylase value is a useful test to stratify patients in relation to the risk of developing pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomies, in addition to correlate with the severity of this complication.

O valor da amilase, obtido precocemente nos drenos abdominais, é teste útil em prever a ocorrência de fístula pancreática após duodenopancreatectomia: lições aprendidas de um centro do Sul do Brasil / Early drain fluid amylase is useful to predict pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy: lessons learned from a southern brazilian center

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Pancreatic fistula represents the most feared complication after pancreatoduodenectomies, being the major responsible for the high morbidity and mortality after this operation. Its incidence remains around 10% to 30%. In recent years, several authors have studied the value of amylase in abdominal drains fluid, measured at an early stage after the surgical procedure, as a useful tool to identify patients at risk of developing pancreatic fistula. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the value of early drain fluid amylase as a method to predict the occurrence and severity of postoperative pancreatic fistula in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomies. METHODS: We evaluated 102 prospective patients submitted to pancreatoduodenectomies from January 2013 to June 2017. The mensuration of amylase in abdominal drains was performed on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 in all patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to postoperative day 1 (POD1) results: values <270 U/L (group 1); between 271 and 5.000 U/L (group 2); and values >5.000 U/L (group 3). RESULTS: The incidence of pancreatic fistula was 25.5%, being 3.33%, 27.3% and 41.02% in the three groups, respectively. Compared with group 1, the risk of developing pancreatic fistula increased with increasing amylase values on POD1. Amylase values on POD1 and POD3 of patients with pancreatic fistula were higher than in the other ones without this complication (P<0.001). In addition, in group 3, 37.5% of patients with pancreatic fistula evolved to death (P<0.001). Finally, in this group, patients who died had drain fluid amylase values on POD1 significantly higher than the others in the same group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Early drain fluid amylase value is a useful test to stratify patients in relation to the risk of developing pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomies, in addition to correlate with the severity of this complication.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A fístula pancreática representa a complicação mais temida após as duodenopancreatectomias, sendo a grande responsável pela elevada morbi-mortalidade após esta operação. Sua incidência permanece em torno de 10% a 30%. Nos últimos anos, diversos trabalhos têm estudado o valor da amilase nos drenos abdominais, medido de forma precoce após o procedimento cirúrgico, como ferramenta útil para a identificação dos pacientes sob risco de desenvolver fístula pancreática. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor da amilase no fluido dos drenos abdominais, obtido precocemente no pós-operatório, como método para prever a ocorrência e severidade da fístula pancreática nos pacientes submetidos a duodenopancreatectomias. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 102 pacientes prospectivos submetidos a duodenopancreatectomias no período de janeiro de 2013 a junho de 2017. A dosagem da amilase nos drenos abdominais foi realizada nos dias 1, 3, 5 e 7 em todos os pacientes. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos conforme os resultados do 1o PO: valores <270 U/L (grupo 1); entre 271 e 5.000 U/L (grupo 2); e valores >5.000 U/L (grupo 3). RESULTADOS: A incidência de fístula pancreática foi de 25,5%, sendo 3,33%, 27,3% e 41,02% nos três grupos, respectivamente. Comparados ao grupo 1, o risco de desenvolver fístula pancreática foi crescente com o aumento da amilase no 1o PO. Os valores das amilases no 1o PO e 3o PO dos pacientes com fístula pancreática foram maiores do que nos pacientes sem essa complicação (P<0,001). Além disso, no grupo 3, 37,5% dos pacientes com fístula pancreática evoluíram para óbito (P<0,001). Por fim, neste grupo, os pacientes que evoluíram para óbito tiveram valores de amilase no 1o PO significativamente maiores do que os demais pacientes (P<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O valor da amilase, medido de forma precoce nos drenos abdominais no pós-operatório de duodenopancreatectomias, é teste útil para estratificar pacientes em relação ao risco de apresentar fístula pancreática, além de se correlacionar com a severidade dessa complicação.

Aparecimento de sinal de Leser-Trélat após o tratamento de adenocarcinoma de cólon: um relato de caso / Leser-Trélat signal appearance after treatment of a adenocarcinoma of colon: a case report

Introdução: Edmund Leser (1827-1916) e Ulysse Trélat (1827-1900) descreveram a relação entre angiomas e neoplasias. Posteriormente, consagrou-se a relação entre ceratoses seborreicas e neoplasias com o epônimo de sinal de Leser-Trélat. Este trabalha objetiva apresentar um caso de paciente que desenvolveu sinal de Leser-Trélat após o tratamento da neoplasia. Relato: Paciente feminina de 39 anos, diagnosticada com adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado de cólon, foi tratada com retossigmoidectomia com anastomose primária. Após a recuperação, a paciente apresentava lesões cutâneas arredondadas e ovalares, de coloração marrom e enegrecida, predominantemente em tórax. Inicialmente planas, se tornando elevadas e aumentando de tamanho, adquirindo aspecto verrucoso, típicas de ceratoses seborreicas. Discussão: No caso apresentado, o sinal de Leser-Trélat apareceu posteriormente ao tratamento da neoplasia. Entretanto, ele pode ser a primeira manifestação paraneoplásica, indicando a existência de um tumor, predominantemente de trato gastrointestinal, embora possam ocorrer em tumores uroteliais, mamários e pulmonares. As dermatoses associadas são a papilomatose cutânea florida, tilose palmoplantar, acantose nigricans. Assim sendo, sugere-se que o paciente com sinal de Leser-Trélat deva ser exaustivamente investigado à procura de neoplasia, bem como deve ser reinvestigado após um hiato de tempo, para o diagnóstico precoce e pronto tratamento.

Introduction: Edmund Leser (1827-1916) and Ulysse Trélat (1827-1900) described the association between angiomas and neoplasms. Subsequently, the relation between seborrheic keratoses and neoplasias with the eponym of Leser-Trélat signal was consecrated. This study aims to report a case of patient who developed Leser-Trélat signal after the treatment of the neoplasia. Report: A 39-year-old female patient, diagnosed with moderately differentiated colon adenocarcinoma, was treated with rectosigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis. After the recovery, the patient had diagnosed with rounded and oval skin lesions, of brown and blackish color, predominantly in the thorax. Initially flat, becoming elevated and increasing in size, acquiring a verrucous appearance, typical of seborrheic keratoses. Discussion: On this reported case, the Leser-Trélat sign appeared after the treatment of the neoplasia. However, it may be the first paraneoplastic manifestation, indicating the existence of a tumor, predominantly of the gastrointestinal tract, although they may occur in urothelial, mammary and pulmonary tumors. The associated dermatoses are cutaneous papillomatosis florida, palmoplantar tilose, acanthosis nigricans. Therefore, it is suggested that the patient with Leser-Trélat signal should be thoroughly investigated in search of neoplasia, as well as be reinvestigated after a time gap, for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

Segurança em cirurgia: água utilizada no centro de materiais e esterilização na higienização do material de manilaparoscopia

Desde a primeira colecistectomia, a técnica cirúrgica para este procedimento veio recebendo diversas modificações. Com o avanço dos equipamentos laparoscópicos e com o advento da minilaparoscopia, surge uma nova realidade para a realização dessa cirurgia: colecistectomia minilaparoscópica, o qual traz benefícios ao paciente. A crescente preocupação com o processo de limpeza de artigos médico-hospitalares desperta questionamentos em relação a qualidade da higienização nas instituições hospitalares. A água é um item crítico no processo de sanitização e antissepsia do instrumental cirúrgico em razão da procedência e do tipo de tratamento que a mesma é submetida. A combinação desses fatores pode danificar o aço inoxidável dos equipamentos cirúrgicos podendo manchar, reduzir sua resistência à corrosão, até o favorecimento de formação de fissuras em áreas tensionadas, acarretando rompimento do instrumental. Foi realizada uma revisão na literatura correlacionando a qualidade da água na limpeza do material minilaparoscópico e sua manutenção. Foi observado uma relação direta entre tempo de vida útil do material e, consequentemente, sua qualidade para fins cirúrgicos e a qualidade do sistema de higienização do material, sendo a água um dos fatores chave para a manutenção da qualidade e diminuição do risco de utilizar estes equipamentos. A segurança da colecistectomia minilaparoscópica tem como fator independente o tratamento empregado no material pelo Centro de Materiais de Esterilização, porém é necessário o amplo conhecimento do tipo de material envolvido e métodos de higienização para cada aparelho, individualizando o

Since the first cholecystectomy, the surgical technique for this procedure has received several modifications. With the advancement of laparoscopic equipment and the advent of minilaparoscopy, a new reality emerges for this surgery: minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy, which brings benefits to the patient. The growing concern with the cleaning process of medical-hospital articles raises questions regarding the quality of hygiene in hospital institutions. Water is a critical item in the sanitization and antisepsis process of the surgical instruments due to the origin and the type of treatment that is submitted. The combination of these factors can damage the stainless steel of the surgical equipment, which can stain, reduce its resistance to corrosion, favoring the formation of cracks in stressed areas, leading to rupture of the instruments. A literature review was carried out correlating the water quality in the cleaning of the minilaparoscopic material and its maintenance. A direct relationship between the life time of the material and, consequently, its quality for surgical purposes and the quality of the material hygiene system was observed, with water being one of the key factors for maintaining quality and reducing the risk of using these materials equipments. The safety of minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy has as an independent factor the treatment used in the material by the Center for Sterilization Materials, but it is necessary to have a thorough knowledge of the type of material involved and methods of hygiene for each appliance, individualizing the cleaning process.

Use of Left Gastric Vein as an Alternative for Portal Flow Reconstruction in Liver Transplantation.

Portal vein thrombosis is observed in up to 10% of liver transplant candidates, hindering execution of the procedure. A dilated gastric vein is an alternative to portal vein reconstruction and decompression of splanchnic bed. We present two cases of patients with portal cavernoma and dilated left gastric vein draining splanchnic bed who underwent liver transplantation. The vein was dissected and sectioned near the cardia; the proximal segment was ligated with suture and the distal segment was anastomosed to the donor portal vein. Gastroportal anastomosis is an excellent option for portal reconstruction in the presence of thrombosis or hypoplasia. It allows an adequate splanchnic drainage and direction of hepatotrophic factors to the graft.